国内非牛顿流体力学进展

非牛顿流体;;本构方程;;流变测量;;流动稳定性;;收缩流动;;聚合物加工;;石油工业;;生物流体力学     

Buffer sizing in multi-product multi-reactor batch processes: Impact of allocation and campaign sizing policies

This paper studies the impact of management policies, such as product allocation and campaign sizing, on the required size of the finished goods inventories in a multi-product multi-reactor batch process. Demand, setup and batch processing times for these products are assumed to be stochastic, and the inventory buffer for every product type needs to be such that target customer service levels are met. To perform this analysis, we develop a queueing model that allows us to explicitly estimate service levels as a function of the buffer size, and the allocation/campaign sizing policies. This model can be used to evaluate the service level given an existing buffer configuration, as well as to determine the buffer sizes required across products to meet a pre-specified service level. It also allows us to formulate a number of insights into how product allocation decisions and campaign planning policies affect buffer sizing decisions in symmetric production systems.     

策略性授权与专利技术的拍卖许可

本文在双寡头垄断的市场中,考察了拍卖许可制度下企业所有者的策略性授权行为对技术专利持有者的最优许可政策的影响.结论表明,在一定条件下,对于价值较大的技术创新,策略性授权行为的存在会阻碍专利技术的扩散.最后给出政策含义.     

Modeling the depletion of dissolved oxygen in a water body located near a city

Water bodies located nearby cities are much prone to pollution, especially in the developing countries, where effluents treatment facilities are generally lacking. The main reason for this phenomenon is the increasing population in the cities, and the large number of industries located near them. This leads to generation of huge amounts of domestic and industrial sewage that is discharged into the water bodies, increasing their organic pollutant load and resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for this situation, focusing especially on the resulting quality of the water, determined by the level of dissolved oxygen. The model also accounts for resources needed for the population survival and for the industrial operations. In addition, we describe also the decomposition of organic pollutants by bacteria in the aquatic medium. Feasibility conditions and stability criteria of the system's equilibria are determined analytically. The results show that human population and industries are relevant influential factors responsible for the increase in organic pollutants and the decrease in dissolved oxygen in the water body, in the sense that they may exert a destabilizing effect on the system. The numerical simulations confirm the analytical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A solution approach for optimizing long- and short-term production scheduling at LKAB’s Kiruna mine

We present a mixed-integer program to schedule long- and short-term production at LKAB’s Kiruna mine, an underground sublevel caving mine located in northern Sweden. The model minimizes deviations from monthly preplanned production quantities while adhering to operational constraints. Because of the mathematical structure of the model and its moderately large size, instances spanning a time horizon of more than a year or two tend to be intractable. We develop an optimization-based decomposition heuristic that, on average, obtains better solutions faster than solving the model directly. We show that for realistic data sets, we can generate solutions with deviations that comprise about 3-6% of total demand in about a third of an hour.     

基于投影寻踪分类模型的高管团队战略协同分析

着眼于企业高管团队战略协同系统所蕴含的学术与实践价值,研究系统效能重于高管团队自身的作为,关注系统优化则更重于传统模式下高管团队的内部建设.本文首先探究了高管团队与企业战略的协同机理;然后将基于实码加速遗传算法的投影寻踪分类模型技术引入子系统及子系统序参量的权重计算和有序度评价,提出了新的协同度评价方法,建立了高管团队的战略协同度评价模型;应用该模型对S企业进行了实例研究,印证了模型的可操作性.企业高管团队的战略协同度评价结果有助于识别具体企业高管团队战略协同进程中的制约要素,从而有针对性地提出优化对策.     

Recent Trends in Multiclass Analysis of Emerging Endocrine Disrupting Contaminants (EDCs) in Drinking Water

Ingestion of water is a major route of human exposure to environmental contaminants. There have been numerous studies exploring the different compounds present in drinking water, with recent attention drawn to a new class of emerging contaminants: endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). EDCs encompass a broad range of physio-chemically diverse compounds; from naturally occurring to manmade. Environmentally, EDCs are found as mixtures containing multiple classes at trace amounts. Human exposure to EDCs, even at low concentrations, is known to lead to adverse health effects. Therefore, the ability to evaluate EDC contamination with a high degree of sensitivity and accuracy is of the utmost importance. This review includes (i) discussion on the perceived and actual risks associated with EDC exposure (ii) regulatory actions that look to limit EDC contamination (iii) analytical methods, including sample preparation, instrumentation and bioassays that have been advanced and employed for multiclass EDC identification and quantitation.     

例谈物理核心素养视角下培养学生策略性学习的实践研究

文章结合自身教学实践,针对在物理核心素养背景下,从"借助项目设计,培养学习习惯,促进学生‘策略性学习’反应程序化""借助过程优化,积累学习方法,促进学生‘策略性学习’研究深度化""借助物理与生活互动,提高学生对学习理解,促进学生‘策略性学习’运用实践化"3个途径来提升学生思维水平,发展学生思维品质,进而提高学生物理核心素养.     

Number of alternatives and efficiency in different types of top-management decisions

What are the causes of the efficiency of complex strategic decisions? To answer this question, the impact of information searching, alternative designing, and complexity of a decision problem on its decision quality are analyzed in a longitudinal study of 83 top-management decisions, made the by executive board of a medium-sized firm (1380 employees). Decision quality is negatively influenced by the complexity of the decision problem. Alternative designing has a strong positive impact on decision quality. Information search shows no significant relationship to decision quality. The results indicate that designing of alternatives is an important instrument to counter the challenges of complex strategic decision-problems. However, one should not simply maximize the number of alternatives. There seems to be a very small optimal number beyond which decision quality will decrease. Besides, alternative designing has to be coordinated with other problem-solving activities, namely goal formation, process organization, and information searching.     

Using an Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma with Exit Option to Study Alliance Behavior: Results of a Tournament and Simulation

Nearly half of all strategic alliances fail (Park and Russo, 1996; Dyer et al., 2001), often because of opportunistic behavior by one party or the other. We use a tournament and simulation to study strategies in an iterated prisoner's dilemma game with exit option to shed light on how a firm should react to an opportunistic partner. Our results indicate that a firm should give an alliance partner a second chance following an opportunistic act but that subsequent behavior should be contingent on the value of the next best opportunity outside the alliance. Firms should be more forgiving if the potential benefits from the alliance exceed other opportunities. The strategies were also found to be robust across a wide range of game lengths. The implications of these results for alliance strategies are discussed. Steven E. Phelan received his PhD in economics from La Trobe University (Australia) in 1998. Following five years at the University of Texas at Dallas, he joined the faculty of the University of Nevada Las Vegas in 2003. Dr. Phelan's research interests include competitive dynamics, organizational efficiency, acquisition and alliance performance, and entrepreneurial competence. His methods of choice to study these phenomena include agent-based modelling, experimental game theory, and event studies. Prior to joining academia, Dr. Phelan held executive positions in the telecommunications and airline industries and was a principal partner in Bridges Management Group, a consultancy specializing in strategic investment decisions. Richard J. Arend is a graduate of the University of British Columbia's doctoral program in Policy Analysis and Strategy. He is on the Management faculty of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, arriving most recently from the Management faculty of New York University's Stern School of Business. Dr. Arend's interests lie in the analysis of unusual modes of firm value creation and destruction, where he has published in several top journals. He is a professional engineer with work and consulting experience in aerospace and computing. Darryl A. Seale joined the faculty of UNLV in 1999, following three years at Kent State University and the University of Alabama in Huntsville. Prior to Alabama, he completed his Ph.D. and M.S. degrees in Business Administration at the University of Arizona, his M.B.A. from Penn State University, and spent over ten years in management and market planning positions in the health care industry. Professor Seale's research interests include strategic decision making, bargaining and negotiation, and behavioral game theory. His research has been funded by the National Science Foundation and has been published in top-tier journals including Management Science, OBHDP, Games and Economic Behavior, and Strategic Management Journal. His teaching interests include business policy/strategy, managerial decision making, and bargaining and negotiation.